Desalinization: A great solution to water shortage as long as the town is right on the coast, has plenty of money, gobs of surplus affordable electricity and you're not worried about fish, crabs or shrimp that coastal towns often have as a source of food and employment for the working class.
Oh, and don't forget those semi-permeable membranes with the 0.1 micrometer holes you force the salt water through under high pressure made from fossil fuel plastics which need regular replacement, or the pumps and their gaskets and pipes that get corroded by normally corrosive seawater on the way in and INCREDIBLY corrosive concentrated seawater on the way out you probably source from a factory in China.
For San Diego, CA, home of ecologically concerned citizens and the toughest EPA dept in the FSoA, the FSoA's largest desal plant does provide a whopping 10% of their water needs. Technology to the rescue!
https://www.businessinsider.com/ocean-water-desalination-san-diego-us-drought-crisis-2023-10
San Diego temporarily solved its water crisis by turning ocean water into fresh water. But desalination won't work everywhere.
RE